解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition, and evaluate the genotoxic, and anti-growth potency of the methanol extracts of lichen species Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (HPE). Anti-growth effect was tested in two different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by the MTT and ATP via...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.21809
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term exposure of agriculturally used organochloride and organophosphate pesticides have been shown to cause long-lasting hematotoxicity and increased incidence of aplastic anemia in humans. The mechanisms involved in pesticide induced hematotoxicity and the features of toxicity that may play a major role in bone ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20775
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver is one of the major target organs of arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis. Nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, regulating critically cellular defense responses against the toxic metallic arsenic in many cell types and tissues. This study was conducted to...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20731
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological risk assessments are, in part, based on results of toxicity tests conducted under standard exposure conditions. Global climate change will have a wide range of effects on estuarine habitats, including potentially increasing water temperature and salinity, which may alter the risk assessment of estuarine pol...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20726
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of endocrine disruption close to sewage treatment plant effluent discharges along the Finnish Baltic Sea coast using a set of reproductive biomarkers present in adult three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Possible variation and sensitivity of the biomark...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20715
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the effects and possible mechanisms of suspected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), a wide variety of assays have been developed. In this work, we generated engineered Escherichia coli biosensor strains that incorporate the ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of the β-subtype estrogen receptors (ERβ) from Solea...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20708
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of malachite green (MG) in fish farming is prohibited in China due to its potentially toxicological and carcinogenic nature, but it is still illegally used in some places. The aim of this study was to investigate the time and concentration-dependent responses of xenobiotic metabolizing and detoxification-relat...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20706
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been widely used in agriculture and forestry since the 1940s. 2,4-D has been shown to produce a wide range of adverse effects-from embryotoxicity and teratogenicity to neurotoxicity-on animal and human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the possi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20690
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tributyltin (TBT), a proven endocrine-disrupting chemical, is well known to induce imposex in female gastropods. Herein we demonstrate the effects of low doses of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) on the female offspring of KM mice. Pregnant mice were administered by gavage with 0, 1, 10, or 100 μg TBTCl/kg body weight/day...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.21756
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, toxic effects of the cypermethrin in Allium cepa L. cells were investigated. For this aim, we investigated the changes in pigment contents, antioxidant enzymes, mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities as indicators of toxicity. The seeds were treated with different doses (1.5, 3.0, 6.0 ppm) of cyper...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20681
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An enormous quantity of pharmacologically active principles are currently being introduced into the environment, with consequent escalation of environmental problems, but only a small number of studies are focusing on an assessment of their genotoxic effects. The aim of this article is to assess the genotoxic effects ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20685
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have shown that rutin has anticancer effects. We have previously reported that rutin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. However, there are no data showing that rutin inhibits human leukemia HL-60 cells in vivo in a murine xenograft animal mode...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20662
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microcystins are a family of potent hepatotoxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria and can cause animal intoxications and human diseases. In this study, the effect of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on the tissues of freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) was evaluated and differentially expressed genes in the hepatop...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20652
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Safrole is one of important food-borne phytotoxin that exhibits in many natural products such as oil of sassafras and spices such as anise, basil, nutmeg, and pepper. This study was performed to elucidate safrole-induced apoptosis in human tongue squamous carcinoma SCC-4 cells. The effect of safrole on apoptosis was m...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20658
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to sublethal hexavalent chromium (as 2 and 4 mg L⁻¹ potassium dichromate for 1 and 2 months) during late preparatory to mid prespawning phase of annual reproductive cycle severely affected the pituitary-ovarian axis of a teleost Channa punctatus. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), ovarian histopathology, immunocytoch...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20654
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dicrotophos is a systemic insecticide with a wide range of applications. We investigated the genotoxicity of dicrotophos using the Ames test, the chromosome aberration test in CHO-K1 cells, and the comet assay in the Hep G2 cells, while this chemicals' toxicity to both the cell lines was evaluated with the MTT assay. ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20645
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies indicate that exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), a ubiquitous and highly persistent environmental contaminant, induces immunotoxicity in mice. However, few studies have specifically assessed the effects of PFOS on inflammation. This study utilized a standard 60-day oral exposure period to as...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20642
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by alachlor and dichlorvos, two pesticides broadly used, were studied on RTG-2 fish cell line. As measure of cytotoxicity, neutral red assay was used to determine the cellular viability. Toxicity ranking based on IC(50) values found that alachlor was more cytotoxic than dich...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20637
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::PM10 was collected in a Milan urban site, representative of the city air quality, during winter and summer 2006. Mean daily PM10 concentration was 48 μg m(-3) during summer and 148 μg m(-3) during winter. Particles collected on Teflon filters were chemically characterized and the endotoxin content determined by the ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20611
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In May of 2006 we suddenly began to observe neural tube defects (NTDs) in embryos of untreated control mice. We hypothesized the mice were being exposed unknowingly to a teratogenic agent and investigated the cause. Our results suggested that NTDs were not resulting from bedding material, feed, strain, or source of th...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20600
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the early 20th century, hairdressers (HD) have been exposed to a wide range of harmful chemical products. To determine the possible genetic damage to HD, as a result of their occupational exposure to combinations of different chemical factors, we applied the micronucleus assay on their peripheral blood lymphocyt...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20579
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)), as well as lipid peroxidation and proline were studied in moss Brachythecium piligerum Card. collected from different sites in Shanghai, China, to validate the physiological parameters as biomarkers of atm...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20571
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within the last decade, numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that endocrine disruptors are a possible cause for a decline in semen quality. Cypermethrin is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide, but little is known about its potentially adverse effects on male reproduction. In the present study, we invest...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20566
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unexpectedly high frequency of skeletal deformations in brown trout has previously been observed in the brook Vallkärrabäcken in southern Sweden. Environmental pollutants from storm water and leachate from an old landfill have been suggested as responsible for the observed deformations. Biomarkers in farmed rainbow...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20559
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen (AP) is a widely used, cheap, and over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Its toxicity depends on the cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-mediated oxidation to the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine. On the other hand, arsenic, a global groundwater and environmental contaminant of major publi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20551
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the role of oxidative stress in Sudan IV-induced DNA damage, using human liver-derived HepG2 cells. METHODS:The DNA damaging effects of Sudan IV in HepG2 cells were evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay and micronucleus test (MNT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20558
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed an interspecies comparison for the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and the eukaryotic single cell organism Tetrahymena pyriformis (T. pyriformis) for 17 xenobiotics with diverse structures and four metals. The cytotoxicity was assessed by four different cell viability assays (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20541
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interspecies differences in the accumulation of dietary tributyltin (TBT) between sea perch, Lateolabrax japonicus, and red sea bream, Pagrus major, were studied. Although TBTs in both species reached steady-state condition in low-concentration group (L-group, 200 ng/g nominal concentration) by 1 week, it increased up...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20526
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) anti-Adda technique could be used to monitor free microcystins (MCs) in biological samples from fish naturally exposed to toxic cyanobacteria by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve software to establish an optim...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20528
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three methods of algal assays--the standard assay, microassay, and the proposed fluorescence assay--are compared from the point of view of reliability of EC50 detection, the minimum required time for the detection, sensitivity of individual measurement, i.e. at which cell density the particular assay can be used for E...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20516
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal though up to now its mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we comparatively investigated the cytotoxic mechanisms of Tl(I) and Tl(III) in isolated rat hepatocytes. Both Tl(I) and Tl(III) cytotoxicities were associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20590
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We hypothesized that chronic exposure to arsenic would deplete the reduced glutathione (GSH) and methionine in vivo, thereby impair the methylation capacity of inorganic arsenic (iAs) ingested. Our experiment was designed to explore the effects of exogenous GSH and methionine on arsenic methylation in mice exposed to ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20509
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two phylogenetically distant types of test-systems-root tip meristems of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and human lymphocytes in vitro were used to detect genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by the herbicide paraquat (PQ) in the concentration range (10(-6) to 5 x 10(-4) mol/l). As an endpoint for cytotoxicity the mitotic ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20503
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid (Acm, neonicotinoid insecticide) and alpha-cypermethrin (alpha-cyp, pyrethroid insecticide) on human peripheral lymphocytes were examined in vitro by chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronucleus (MN) tests. The human perip...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20485
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study has shown that nonanoic acid (NA) is one of the strongest allelochemicals to a cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, but the physiological responses of M. aeruginosa to NA stress remain unknown. In this study, physiological characters such as the growth rate, photosynthetic processes, phosphorus and ni...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20462
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant because of its extensive use as a plasticizer, is a potential nongenotoxic carcinogen. To assess the effects of DEHP exposure on the cytoskeleton of Chironomus, we characterized full-length cDNA sequences of the calponin gene from Chironomus r...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20463
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high throughput culture methodology of unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain GL were used for the determination of catecholamines toxicity and their metabolism. Catecholamines exhibited acute toxicity to Tetrahymena cells where dopamine and L-DOPA showed higher toxic potential of EC(10) (0.39 and 0.63...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20457
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidized nucleoside of DNA, not only is a widely used biomarker for the measurement of endogenous oxidative DNA damage, but might also be a risk factor for many diseases including cancer. Elevated level of urinary 8-OHdG has been detected in patients with various malignanci...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20447
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mycotoxin citrinin (CTN), a natural contaminant in foodstuffs and animal feeds, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on various mammalian cells. CTN causes cell injury, including apoptosis. Previous studies by our group showed that CTN triggers apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells, as well as embryonic develo...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20434
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) is a neurological disease affecting bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), American coots (Fulica americana), waterfowl, and other birds in the southeastern United States. The cause of the disease is unknown, but is thought to be a naturally produced toxin. AVM is associated with aqu...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20424
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00